Shoulder Force Couples
| Glenohumeral Motion | Glenohumeral Muscles | Scapular Motion | Periscapular Muscles |
| Abduction |
Deltoid/Supraspinatus initiate. Subscapularis, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor Compress and Depress humeral head |
Upward Rotation Posterior Tilt |
Upper and Lower Trapezius and Serratus Anterior |
| Adduction |
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Minor
Pectoralis Major
Subscapularis,
Infraspinatus, Teres minor stabilize Humeral Head
|
Downward Rotation Depression |
Pectoralis Minor Rhomboids Levator Scapula |
| Flexion |
Anterior/Medial Deltoid Clavicular Pectoralis Supraspinatus Long Head of Biceps Brachi Coracobrachialis Infraspinatus, Teres Minor and Subscapularis Stabilize Humeral Head |
Posterior Tilt
Upward Rotation |
Serratus Anterior Upper and Lower Trapezius |
| Extension |
Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Sternal Pectoralis Long Head of Triceps Brachi Posterior Deltoid Infraspinatus, Teres Minor and Subscapularis Stabilize Humeral Head |
Anterior Tilt
Downward Rotation
Depression |
Pectoralis Minor
Pectoralis Minor, Rhomboids, Levator Scapula
Pectoralis Minor Lower Trapezius |
|
Horizontal Flexion Internal Rotation |
Pectoralis Major Subscapularis |
Protraction
|
Serratus Anterior
|
|
Horizontal Extension External Rotation |
Posterior Deltoid, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor Infraspinatus, Teres Minor |
Retraction
|
Mid Trapezius Rhomboids |